African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

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African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by Hafiz »

Luxor Egyptologist – Jewish Conspiracy to Link Egypt to Middle East

According to Reuters, The Max Planck Institute, probably the world’s greatest science institute has asked “Are modern Egyptians direct descendants of ancient Egyptians? Was there genetic continuity in Egypt through time? Did foreign invaders change the genetic makeup: for example, did Egyptians become more ‘European’ after Alexander the Great conquered Egypt?”

Krause (from the Planck) considered that ancient DNA can address those questions. The genomes showed that, unlike modern Egyptians, ancient Egyptians had little to no genetic kinship with sub-Saharan populations, some of which like ancient Ethiopia were known to have had significant interactions with Egypt.

The closest genetic ties were to the peoples of the ancient Near East, spanning parts of Iraq and Turkey as well as Palestine, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon.

They also saw a clear genetic continuity right across the 1300-year time period of the studied mummies, despite the fact that over that time course Egypt was invaded by the Greeks, the Romans and Nubians.
"We don't really see that there is a lot of genetic turnover when all those foreign invaders came, so they don't seem to have an impact on the normal population of Egypt," Professor Krause said.

The researchers found genetic continuity spanning the New Kingdom and Roman times, with the amount of sub-Saharan ancestry increasing substantially about 700 years ago, for unclear reasons. “There was no detectable change for those 1,800 years of Egyptian history,” Krause said, adding the big change happened between then and now.

And yet, at some point in the past 1,500 years, there has been a major addition of sub-Saharan genetic material — largely West-African Yoruba — into Egypt's population. Probably slaves although if you believe in racial purity you would never accept these facts.

The former director of Luxor Mummification Museum (unnamed) told the German News Agency that such researches are fake (but gave no evidence for his claim nor evidence that he was an expert in DNA – he was expert in opening his mouth) and that their announced results are politicized. He alleged that a team of German researchers from Jewish roots cooperates with research institutes funded by Israel and an Israeli-friendly lobby works on publishing scientific results that aim to distort Egypt’s civilization, history, and its advancement in many fields. ”https://english.aawsat.com/theaawsat/li ... ast-africa
A long sober description of the findings: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2 ... 115141.htm

There would be a good argument that centuries of large scale slave trading with the Sudan and Central Africa have changed the genetic composition of Egypt since ancient times and up to the 1920’s. Whether that is a ‘better’ story is a matter of taste.

Unlike the US, a child born of a female slave/concubine from an Arab father was born free and raised on an equivalent basis to a so-called, pure Arab child and could inherit on a similar basis. The slave mother of a child of the master could not after be sold and was freed on the death of her master. Whilst legal wives were restricted to four, the number of concubines was a matter of wealth. Therefore children of Central African heritage became part of Egyptian life over centuries of slaving. On the other hand castration (prohibited by sharia but which added hugely to sale price) was very common leading to huge loss of life for male eunuchs but not likely affecting current Egyptian DNA.
It will come as no surprise that this is a little studied subject, that the research is exclusively conducted in the West and ignored/rejected in the region. A useful, general, non-scholarly introduction on the Zanzibar, Uganda and Sudan trade is the now dated Moorehead, White Nile.

Duff Gordon and others from the middle of the 19th century who wrote about Upper Egypt and the Sudan are blithe on the slavery issue. Parts of her rambling rot, most of it dinners, lunches and the rest are a bit vague on this matter – for example she may have bought a slave and then on sold her or made her free – its as unclear as that aristocrat’s moral compass and observational skills, Whilst noting the many ‘indentured’ workers they were remarkably incurious about how this labor system worked.

Around 1880 an Anglo-Egyptian treaty outlawed slavery (probably just trading but not continued ownership) in Egypt some 30-40 years after Turkey had outlawed trading (except for the Hijaz) and following Egypt’s refusal to follow the Sultan’s orders.

It appears to have been unenthusiastically enforced by Egyptian locals but episodically pursued with occasional violence by white administrators. Protestant and Catholic bodies also helped to drive it underground or deal with its victims. http://www.comboniegypt.org/ST.JOSEPH%2015.htm. St Comboni and the Luxor Franciscan’s (who remarkably claim to have been in Luxor from the 16th century) may have used Luxor as a base for their anti-slavery work but, again, this is poorly studied. http://www.comboniegypt.org/latest%20news%202.htm.

Comboni estimated that in the 1870’s about half a million slaves a year were taken into Egypt at a time when Egypt’s population was about 7 million. http://www.southworld.net/comboni-and-slaves/. This estimate for a single year is about the same, or 25% more, than http://www.theroot.com/how-many-slaves- ... 1790873989 the cumulative total of two centuries of slaving into North America. Most think his figures way too high.

If the Church of England did anything to suppress slavery in Egypt or deal with its victims there is no record I can find.

It is certain that senior British administrators reported slavery in the Sudan as late as around 1900 so suppression was not complete.
The total number of African slaves into Egypt is not reliably known, and Comboni’s estimate for a single year is very much higher than others. Further confusion on the overall size of the trade is that the actual figures for the various slave releases in Egypt of slaves, 1877-82, were in the low thousands. Other modern western academics (Pankhurst) put the cumulative total, from just Ethiopia, in the millions but are unclear on death rates, numbers retained in Sudan or trans-shipped from Egypt. What is clear is that at least the West Sudan trade was overwhelmingly in girls.

A 1895 Anglo-Egyptian Agreement on slavery may not have provided for the release of slaves but just stopped the active trade. Therefore how many remained and for how long is not clear but likely high.

The slaving activity by Arabs/Muslims against black Africans for centuries gives some poignancy to the events of the past few decades and the enmity between north and south Sudan and also between Khartoum and its former slave provinces to its West. On the other hand the suppression of slavery in the Sudan by the British was unpopular with the Sudanese Muslims and a critical factor in the loss of the Sudan to the Mahdists and the later emergence of British control over that country and loss of all Egyptian claims to it and large swathes of Uganda, Ethiopia and Somalia which may have been used as sources of slavery for Egypt (not really studied and never studied in Egypt). Thus slavery was an important part of Egyptian wealth and its abolition led to the loss of its growing empire.

Unlike in the UK in the 1830’s there was no universal financial compensation paid to dispossessed Egyptian slave owners for loss of property following the abolition of slavery although one trader, Petherick, sought recompense for loss of property and another, de Bono, may have got it but probably because they were British.

The Upper Egypt region was also an important point in the 1820’s for the training of Muhammad’s Ali’s (failed) Sudanese Slave Army at Aswan. Reda Mowafi 1981 Thesis University of Lund, but up to 50,000 Sudanese slaves had been recorded in the Egyptian army as far back as 1169 when Egypt’s total population would have been no more than several millions. Even Napoleon in 1799 purchased several thousand Nubian slaves to bolster his depleted Grande Armee in Egypt. Rather oddly, Mohammad Ali’s ‘Turkish’ army in the Sudan were paid in Sudanese slaves and the capture and trading in slaves was probably a state profit making activity – as well as involving European traders such as the Joyce Thurburn Company of London who with others appear to have controlled the Khartoum market. Local chiefs often collaborated selling either their own people or their enemies.

The popular view that the Egyptian slave trade was exclusively Egyptian is just not true and Europeans made big money but again this is not well studied

Many slaves died and at least in the early 19th century, mortality from disease by Sudanese in the Army may have been catastrophic with possible death rates of 90% and death rates for general slaves may have been similar so imports into Egypt are one thing but overall long term effects on local DNA from the small number of survivors, another.

Upper Egypt, specifically Asyut and G/Jirja, were also the main towns where castration of Sudanese slaves was performed with Coptic monks of Zawyat al Deyr (probably at the wealthy and large Monastery of the Virgin south of Asyut) being the leaders in this field and at great profit. The monks were incompetent and unhygienic at their job, a bit like now, and 19th century western observers (Burkhardt) state that death rates may have approached 90% for these 8-11 year old boys. Therefore when you visit you should ask the monks where the 1,000’s of boys who made them rich are buried or were their bodies just tossed into the Nile. When this stopped is far from clear. It is also not clear when the Copts pronounced slavery a sin but what is clear is that they deny any involvement, refuse to apologize and co operate with any research to establish the truth of their claims. It is probable that few Copts held slaves but that they were active or very active in the trade/auctions possibly including the sale of Christian women from the Black sea area or Greece. The Egyptian government also discourages research on this matter or access to the archives.

Here is how the monks and priests spent the money from hundreds of years of slaving and bad surgery on bad architecture and worse art (no skillful mosaics possibly none at all):
Image

Upper Egypt may also have been the exception to the general rule on limited use of slaves in large scale work gangs in agriculture with Asyut and Isna/Esna were examples during the cotton boom and if so this increases the likelihood of Coptic slave ownership.

Upper Egyptians were also the greatest slave traders in Egypt and used mulids as the major opportunities for sales and auctions.

In addition to Sudanese slaves, Abyssinian or Galla girls were highly prized and were, in the 1830’s, described as ‘the mother of many Turk or Egyptian in high position’. The West African slave trade, via the Sahara, has not been studied but slaving links between Egypt and Chad and the (current) Central African Republic are proven whilst slave routes into Egypt along the Mediterranean are well understood and slaves from Somalia and Mozambique possible.

It is important to note that ‘all but the poorest’ could afford the cheaper, and blacker, Central African slaves, whilst only the rich could afford lighter skin, or white, Circassian/ Russian slaves and these latter slaves were always in short supply and would have had little effect on modern Egyptian DNA. Prices varied by as much as 100 to 1, and horses were consistently 5 to 6 times higher than the average slave. Very oddly the FO had a not unfavourable view about White Slavery

The proper study of the Egyptian slave trade will no doubt reveal many other interesting origins of modern Egyptian genetic diversity and do much to dispel the chauvinistic local views on race and ‘identity’. For example, if it is the case (far from clear) that Copts did not generally marry slaves, it is possible their blood lines are likely more ‘pure’ Egyptian, if that is the type of racist argument that appeals. Therefore, a survey of Copt DNA might throw up interesting data which would not fit the general view about who is indigenous/authentic Egyptian and who is not – if that means anything sensible.

Egyptians such as Hawass and the unidentified former manager of the Luxor Museum may prefer to assert their African over their Middle Eastern DNA but will be unprepared to accept from where it came.

It might also give context to the slave trade and limit the intense focus on just the US and the evils of specifically European managed Atlantic slavery.

The Lund thesis is at for those with too much spare time. It’s a first go at the subject written in 1981, suffers from prevarication and factual mistakes but claims, almost uniquely, to have access to the Egyptian State Archive. This is contradicted by its limited references to Egyptian documents. https://digitalt.uib.no/.../1013-mowafi ... %20and%20a...

Slavery in Saudi Arabia was not made illegal until November 1962 and a casual perusal of the faces and hair of prominent, including royal, Gulf families gives you an idea of DNA from outside the Gulf. Many African slaves ended up in Syria, Iraq, Iran and India but no one dares study that.

The pre-Atlantic slave routes were, very roughly:
Image

The Atlantic slave trade numbers somewhere around 11 million whilst the Arab/East Coast trade 20-30 million including more than a million whites enslaved by Barbary pirates in the Med. The whole issue is so hot and regarded by the left as propaganda against 3rd world countries (which oddly includes for them Saudi and related) that its hard to know precisely. The interesting point not well examined is that western slavery from the West Coast of Africa may have closed off or been in competition to already well established Arab/Muslim sources of slaves and may have led to intensified efforts on the East Coast. Morehead's book includes near insane descriptions of the slave markets on Zanzibar in, I think the 1850's-60's which was also connected by ruling blood to the rulers of Muscat/Oman. An unproven local story on Zanzibar is that slave auctions continued up to WW1.


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Re: African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by Who2 »

It seems the slave trade is alive and well in Blighty.
Listening to a radio programme today, I probably misheard that an anti slave law from 3 years ago is going to be enforced.
Seeing as the Church as most major religions seem to deal in everything that is anti-religious What can one really expect.
Now a couple of posh Catholic Benedictine Monks Schools have been at it for years, Well who'd have thought it ? .... 8)
Ps: I hate and loathe the majority view on Religion, religiously speaking..
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Re: African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by Major Thom »

You will have noticed the amount of people turning their backs on religion then in the UK Dr. No B----y wonder with sex starved monks abusing the young. Who wants that sort of religion? Makes you wonder how much abuse is still going on...
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Re: African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by John Landon »

Problem with religion, is people take it too literally... :tk

There is a lot of truth if you care to look.

Did JC REALLY die on a cross... ?

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Re: African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by FarleyFlavors »

John Landon wrote:Did JC REALLY die on a cross... ?
If that's a serious question then the answer is yes, probably, given that there is no compelling reason to believe otherwise.
John Landon wrote:Testa = head
Ment = mind.
That's not the origin of the word "testament". But I suspect you already knew that.
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Re: African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by John Landon »

Ever wonder why JC "died" on Golgotha, the place of the skull..

No one died, I mean what would the point of that be ? other than to lower ones vibration...
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Re: African Slavery and Egyptian DNA.

Post by John Landon »

Were the Jews slaves in Egypt ? or was that just a bit of artistic licence the Old Testament writers used to cover up that they may have really been sent into exile. ?
Some of those Mummies I have seen certainly seem to have Roman noses despite the claims of who the Mummies claim to be.. Weird.. :tk
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