Its an odd defense for FMG but it would be inaccurate to say that FMG does not have widespread support in Egypt - including among younger Egyptians. Maybe Egypt is more ill-liberal on women's issues than some like to think.
An large scale Egyptian survey of youth attitudes conducted in 2009 and again in 2014 confirms that all is not well as regards attitudes towards women. In particular, youth attitudes to FMG, whilst improving slightly (this is far from proven), remain stubbornly difficult to change no matter how many programs, legal sanctions and money are thrown at it. On FMG young Egyptians aren’t much more liberal than their parents so the future might be more of the same.
Capmas the stats. arm of the government sponsors the survey and, as a result, they face a credibility challenge, but in this case the actual work of the survey has been done by the Egyptian Population Council with a lot of outside support from the usual do-gooders. They publish their methodology and data sets and use reasonably frank language so maybe they shouldn’t be smeared by their association with Capmas and given the benefit of the doubt.
Their findings on FMG and more or less related sex, gender and power issues include:
1. FMG rates are very high with 4 out of 5 females 15-29 having had it done. The evidence that rates have really decreased is undermined by dramatic equivalent increases in refusals to answer yes or no in the survey. It is possible that many know of government policy and legal sanctions and censor themselves accordingly whilst continuing the practice in private.
Shockingly, 6 out of 10 young people (male and female) believe the practice is necessary while 7 out of 10 intend to circumcise their future daughter. If these intentions are carried out this would produce future results little different to current practice.
2. Sexual harassment of younger women is widespread at about 50% and much worse outside the big cities.
3. Most parents don’t talk with their children about sex with only about 1 in 5 males getting any advice from their parents. Its improving.
4. Females 15-29 are more than 4 times less likely than males to be in the labor force. Unexpectedly, female participation has increased markedly in Upper Egypt – albeit from a low base.
5. Among youth aged 25–29 in 2014, 18.4% of women and 7.4% of men were illiterate.
6. A female 15-29 is two and a half times more likely to be unemployed than an equivalent male.
7. Whilst over half of married males in the survey said they decided whom they married only 20% of females did the same. The break-down figures for non-metro areas were not given.
8. Young men believe in male control and even a lot of young females agree. Males (67.5%) were more likely than their female counterparts (53.1%) to support a younger brother’s authority over his older sisters. About 55.2% of male youth believed that financial decision making should be solely in the hands of the husband, compared to 38.9% of females and 76.3% (presumably of the whole sample) stated that a wife must obtain permission from her husband for all activities.
9. Harassment in the street, if dressed provocatively, is seen as deserved with 2/3rds of males 15-29 believing this and, amazingly, nearly 60% of females also believe this. Presumably the regional breakdowns have much higher percentages.
Other interesting detail:
The chance of a young person with an illiterate mother attending university is 12.0%, while the chance that a young person with a university-educated mother attending university is 93.0%.
A large percentage of males marry in their late 20s and early 30s.but a quarter of young men have never married by their early 30s. Female youth marry at younger ages; 3.7% were married at ages 15–17, 32.4% at 18–24, 72.7% at 25–29, and 84.3% at 30–35.
About one third of Egyptian children can neither read nor write at the completion of six years of school. The male/female breakdowns were not given.
http://www.popcouncil.org/uploads/pdfs/ ... ummary.pdf